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According to the UN the world's population is more than three times larger than it was in the mid-twentieth century. This report highlights that "the global human population reached 8.0 billion in November 2022 from an estimated 2.5 billion in 1950". This same report emphasizes that "the world's population is expected to increase by nearly 2 billion persons in the next 30 years, from the current 8 billion to 9.7 billion in 2050". India and China, these two countries each having around 1.4 billion inhabitants, are the most populous countries in the world. It is also important to note that China with its one-child policy will see its population decrease significantly while population growth in India will probably continue for several decades. And it is important to complete these observations by emphasizing that Africa will remain for a long time the continent which will experience a population growth greater than all other regions of the world. The contrast with Europe whose population is declining is striking. It is interesting to point out that already fertility in many European countries is below the replacement level. Europe's population is expected to shrink from today's 740 million to 590 million by the turn of the century (Rajawali Institute). That said, we can affirm that the decline in the world population will not only have positive effects. It should allow a more reasonable use of our planet's resources. But at the same time the decline in the working age population could quickly become worrying.

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